Comparing the outcomes of severe versus mild/moderate ptosis using closed posterior levator advancement

Traditionally, posterior eyelid surgical approaches such as Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) have been utilised with great success for mild cases of ptosis, with external levator approaches having been used for more severe cases of ptosis. We present a new technique which we label closed posterior levator advancement (CPLA) for the correction of all grades of ptosis. This article is a retrospective cohort study reviewing patients with mild, moderate, and severe ptosis over a 6-year period, treated by a single surgeon using CPLA. Minimum follow-up was 3 months. Patients with good levator function (levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) function >10 mm) without concomitant procedures were subdivided based on margin-to-reflex-distance-1 (MRD1) into mild-to-moderate ptosis (MRD1 > 1.5 mm) and severe ptosis (MRD1 ≤ 1.5 mm) cohorts. The outcome measures were preoperative and postoperative MRD1, lid contour, intereye symmetry, complications, and revision rates. 393 eyes of 313 patients were identified. 91 eyes in the mild-to-moderate cohort had a preoperative MRD1 of 2.38 mm, and 302 eyes in the severe cohort had a preoperative MRD1 of 0.27 mm. Postoperatively, MRD1 was 3.86 mm and 3.49 mm, respectively. There were no significant complications in both cohorts, and revision rates were 3.3% (3 of 91 eyes) in the mild-to-moderate and 2% (6 of 302 eyes) in the severe cohorts. Upper-eyelid contour was satisfactory in 98.2% of eyes, and 97.5% intereye symmetry within 1 mm was observed. Our results show an effective correction of all ptosis grades with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes and low complication and revision rates.