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Association of influenza outbreaks with advanced pediatric medical support

Jennifer Guyther1, Richard Lichenstein2, Yonghong Gao3

  • 1Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore, Maryland,USA.

Epidemiology and Infection
|May 31, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Influenza outbreaks significantly increase the need for advanced medical support, including hospitalisation and intensive care, for children with acute respiratory illness. This highlights the importance of preparedness for severe influenza seasons.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Medically attended acute respiratory illness (MAARI) in children can lead to severe outcomes.
  • Influenza outbreaks represent a significant public health concern, particularly for pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between influenza outbreak periods (IOP) and the utilization of advanced medical support for children with MAARI.
  • To compare advanced medical support utilization during peak influenza periods (PIOP) and off-peak influenza periods (Off-PIOP) versus non-influenza seasons (NIS).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from 50 acute-care hospitals in Maryland over 12 influenza seasons.
  • Definition of IOP based on weekly positive influenza test counts, including peak and shoulder weeks.
  • Comparison of rate ratios for advanced medical support outcomes (hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation) between IOP and NIS.

Main Results:

  • Advanced medical support utilization for pediatric MAARI was significantly elevated during both PIOP and Off-PIOP compared to NIS across all 12 seasons.
  • Influenza outbreaks were consistently associated with increased need for advanced medical interventions in children.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza outbreaks are strongly linked to increased demand for advanced medical support in children experiencing acute respiratory illness.
  • Findings underscore the need for robust preparedness strategies to manage severe influenza epidemics and pandemics in pediatric populations.

Keywords:
Advanced medical supporthospitalisationinfluenzaintensive care unitmechanical ventilation

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