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Keratinising squamous cell metaplasia: when is it safe to stop looking?
Ali Moostapha Tasleem1, Edmund Derek Grouse1, Ahmad Almushatat1
1Urology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Abstract:
Keratinising squamous cell metaplasia (KSCM) is an uncommon diagnosis in the West. Patients typically present with lower urinary tract symptoms: haematuria (visible and non-visible), dysuria, urgency and frequency. Investigation is rigid cystoscopy. Abnormal bladder wall tissue should be resected and biopsies sent for histopathology to confirm KSCM. This is a preneoplastic condition with strong associations with squamous cell carcinoma. Due to a significant lag time, annual cystoscopy with multiple biopsies is recommended.
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