Ethics in Research
Analgesia and Pain Management
Ethics and Bioethics
Ethical Issues
Ethical Dilemmas II
Ethical Standards I
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
Published on: July 7, 2023
Ana Sofia Carvalho1,2,3, Sandra Martins Pereira1,2,3, António Jácomo1,2,3
1Instituto de Bioética, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal.
Adequate pain management is an ethical obligation. Bioethics provides a framework to address undertreatment by improving physician-patient relationships, analgesic knowledge, and reconsidering opioid access regulations for better patient care.
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