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Infections: a double-edge sword in autoimmunity
Oded Shamriz1, Yehuda Shoenfeld2,3
1Pediatric Division, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem.
Purpose Of Review:
Infections play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AID). Several bacterial and viral pathogens play a double role, as both inducers and inhibitors of AID. In this review, we will present current evidence and discuss different aspects of this notion.
Recent Findings:
Infectors that both inhibit and induce AID include Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, hepatitis B virus, group B Coxsackieviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Numerous AID are affected by infections, including polyarteritis nodosa, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes. Some pathogens, such as group B Coxsackieviruses, may induce and inhibit the development of the same AID. This reveals a complex role of infections in autoimmunity pathogenesis.
Summary:
Elucidating the exact role of each pathogen on each specific AID is important, as this will enable evaluating the manipulation of these infections in the treatment of AID.
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