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Vitamin D-dependent calcium transport.

Society of General Physiologists Series

|January 1, 1985

Summary

Vitamin D metabolite calcitriol stimulates intestinal calcium transport by binding to nuclear receptors. This process, crucial for bone health, is absent in neonatal rats until receptor development.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Molecular Biology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Vitamin D is essential for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
Metabolism of Vitamin D to calcidiol and then calcitriol is required for its physiological actions.
Calcitriol plays a key role in intestinal calcium absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular mechanism of calcitriol-mediated calcium transport in the small intestine.
To understand the role of the calcitriol receptor in intestinal calcium absorption.
To examine the developmental regulation of intestinal sensitivity to calcitriol.

Main Methods:

Administration of calcitriol to rats and examination of calcium transport.
Cellular localization studies of calcitriol.
Identification and characterization of the calcitriol receptor.
Studies on neonatal rat intestine sensitivity to calcitriol and hormonal manipulation.

Main Results:

Calcitriol rapidly stimulates calcium transport in villus cells, with a delayed secondary response.
Calcitriol localizes in the nucleus and requires a receptor for its action.
A calcitriol receptor is essential for intestinal calcium transport, and its presence is developmentally regulated.
Hydrocortisone can induce calcitriol receptor expression in neonatal rat intestine.

Conclusions:

Calcitriol functions by binding to a nuclear receptor, which then interacts with DNA to regulate gene transcription for calcium transport proteins.
The developmental absence of intestinal calcium transport in neonatal rats is due to the lack of calcitriol receptors.
Calcitriol's action on intestinal calcium transport is mediated through a receptor-dependent nuclear mechanism.

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