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Spectral contrast effects produced by competing speech contexts.

Lei Feng1, Andrew J Oxenham1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.

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Speech context effects significantly alter sound perception, with ear-specific processing playing a dominant role. Attention and location cues can modulate these automatic auditory perception processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory perception
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Speech processing

Background:

  • Speech context effects are crucial for perceptual constancy, helping listeners adapt to varying acoustic environments and speaker characteristics.
  • The role of automatic versus attention-driven processes in spectral context effects remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of competing speech contexts on phoneme perception.
  • To determine whether spectral context effects are primarily automatic or attention-dependent.
  • To examine the impact of spatial separation and attention on speech context effects.

Main Methods:

  • Listeners' phoneme category boundaries (/i/ vs. /ε/) were measured under different auditory conditions.
  • Competing context sentences were presented to different ears or with interaural time differences (ITDs).
  • Listeners' attention was directed to one of the context sentences.

Main Results:

  • Significant context effects were observed based on the ear of presentation.
  • Smaller, but measurable, effects were found related to ITD and directed attention.
  • Results align with a two-stage model, indicating dominance of ear-specific processing.

Conclusions:

  • Ear-specific auditory processing is a primary driver of speech context effects.
  • Higher-level factors like perceived location and attention can modulate these effects.
  • Spectral context effects are influenced by both low-level acoustic cues and higher-level cognitive control.