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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Ex Vivo Treatment Response of Primary Tumors and/or Associated Metastases for Preclinical and Clinical Development of Therapeutics
Published on: October 2, 2014
Impact of tumor microenvironment composition on therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes in cancer
Fern Anari1, Chethan Ramamurthy1, Matthew Zibelman1
1Fox Chase Cancer Center Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Abstract:
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in cancer growth and progression. Paradoxically, the TME is capable of acting as both a potential barrier and facilitator of tumor proliferation by affecting various processes including local growth resistance, immune system interactions, and the formation of distant metastases. This important interaction between cancer cells and their local environment, composed of immune cells, angiogenic cells, lymphatic endothelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts is paramount to determine a cancer cell's ability to grow and ultimately metastasize. It is essential to understand this complex interplay in order to define treatment modalities to target the TME as part of anti-cancer therapy.
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