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A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia

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Traditional test administration and proactive interference undermine visual-spatial working memory performance in

Todd A Girard¹, Leanne K Wilkins¹, Kathleen M Lyons¹

¹a Department of Psychology , Ryerson University , Toronto , Canada.

Cognitive Neuropsychiatry

|June 1, 2018

Summary

Individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) show impaired visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Proactive interference significantly impacts VSWM performance in SSD, unlike in healthy individuals.

Keywords:

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders Spatial memory executive function memory memory disorders proactive inhibition short-term

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Working-memory (WM) deficits are a hallmark of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD).
The specific cognitive mechanisms underlying visuospatial WM (VSWM) impairment in SSD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of proactive interference in VSWM deficits in individuals with SSD.
To compare VSWM performance under varying levels of proactive interference between SSD and healthy participants.

Main Methods:

A modified Corsi Block Test was administered to assess VSWM.
Participants completed tasks under high (ascending set size) and low (descending set size) proactive interference conditions.

Main Results:

The SSD group exhibited overall poorer VSWM performance compared to healthy controls.
Individuals with SSD showed improved VSWM performance in low interference (descending) compared to high interference (ascending) conditions, an inverse pattern to healthy individuals.

Conclusions:

Proactive interference contributes to VSWM impairment in SSD, particularly in standard test formats.
Further research is needed to explore neurocognitive mechanisms and the impact of proactive interference on other cognitive domains in SSD.