Imported leishmaniasis in Sweden 1993-2016

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Leishmaniasis is an imported parasitic disease in Sweden with unknown epidemiology and incidence.
• Understanding the disease burden is essential for public health planning and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the epidemiology and incidence of leishmaniasis in Sweden from 1993 to 2016.
• To identify demographic, clinical, and geographical patterns of leishmaniasis cases.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective, nationwide epidemiological study using Swedish Patient registry data (1993-2016).
• Identified probable cases (diagnoses) and confirmed cases (laboratory-verified).
• Analyzed incidence rates, patient demographics, clinical manifestations, and geographic origins of infection.

Main Results:

• 299 probable and 182 confirmed leishmaniasis cases identified.
• Annual incidence increased, with 96 confirmed cases diagnosed between 2013-2016, nearly half in children.
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis was most common, primarily acquired in Asia (Syria, Afghanistan), with Leishmania tropica being the predominant species.

Conclusions:

• Leishmaniasis incidence in Sweden is increasing, with a notable rise in pediatric cases.
• Infections are predominantly acquired in endemic regions of Asia, particularly Syria and Afghanistan.
• Enhanced awareness and diagnostic capabilities are vital for managing leishmaniasis in Sweden.