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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
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Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

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Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of Image Cytometry for Quantification of Pathogenic Fungi in Association with Host Cells
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Two-way mixed-effects methods for joint association analysis using both host and pathogen genomes.

Miaoyan Wang1, Fabrice Roux2,3, Claudia Bartoli2

  • 1Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method, ATOMM, to analyze host and pathogen genomes together for infectious diseases. This approach reveals specific genetic links between host resistance and pathogen strains.

Keywords:
genome-wide association studieshost–pathogen interactionmixed-effect modelspopulation structurestatistical genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Pathogen-host interactions
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Infectious diseases involve complex interactions between host and pathogen genomes.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful for dissecting complex traits.
  • Simultaneous analysis of host and pathogen genomes offers deeper insights into disease dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce ATOMM (Analysis with a Two-Organism Mixed Model), a novel statistical method for joint genome-wide association mapping.
  • To simultaneously map traits to host and pathogen genomes using whole-genome sequence data.
  • To identify genetic variants and cross-species interactions contributing to complex traits like disease resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-way mixed-effect model within ATOMM.
  • Application of ATOMM to analyze quantitative disease resistance (QDR) in the *Arabidopsis thaliana-Xanthomonas arboricola* pathosystem.
  • Accounting for sample structure and inter-organism genetic background interactions.

Main Results:

  • ATOMM successfully maps traits to both host and pathogen genomes.
  • The method identified specific host-pathogen genetic interactions influencing QDR.
  • Demonstrated host-strain specificity in quantitative disease resistance.

Conclusions:

  • ATOMM provides a powerful framework for joint genetic analysis in host-pathogen systems.
  • The method facilitates the identification of genetic variants across interacting genomes.
  • This approach enhances understanding of the genetic basis of complex traits in infectious diseases.