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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Development of a 68Gallium-Labeled D-Peptide PET Tracer for Imaging Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression
Published on: February 3, 2023
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer
Tumenjin Enkhbat1, Masaaki Nishi2, Chie Takasu1
1Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Background/Aim:
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) axis is associated with immune tolerance via inhibition of T cell activation. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions and analyze the relationships between PD-1, PD-L1, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expressions in colorectal cancer (CRC).
Patients And Methods:
A total of 116 patients who underwent curative colectomy for stage II/III CRC were included in the study. PD-1, PD-L1, TGF-β, and Foxp3 expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and related to prognostic factors by Kaplan-Meier.
Results:
PD-1 expression was correlated with PD-L1, TGF-β, and Foxp3 expressions. Overall survival rates were significantly poorer in the PD-1 and PD-L1-positive groups. Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1-positive is an independent risk factor. Disease-free survival (DFS) was tended in the PD-L1-positive group. The group with double-positive expression had significantly poorer prognosis.
Conclusion:
PD-1 and PD-L1 expressions were associated with a poor prognosis and correlated with TGF-β and Foxp3 expressions in patients with CRC.
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