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A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
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A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
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Type II endoleaks: diagnosis and treatment algorithm.

Yolanda Bryce1, Brian Schiro2, Kyle Cooper3

  • 1Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is common for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but type II endoleaks can occur. This review discusses imaging and management of these common endoleaks.

Keywords:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)embolizationendoleaktype II endoleak

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Elective repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is indicated for aneurysms >5.5 cm, symptomatic cases, or rapid expansion.
  • Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is now the predominant treatment for AAAs, favored for its lower periprocedural risks and shorter hospital stays compared to open repair.
  • EVAR is associated with higher reintervention rates than open repair, primarily due to endoleaks, with Type II endoleaks being the most frequent (10-25%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current imaging surveillance strategies for Type II endoleaks after EVAR.
  • To discuss various management approaches for Type II endoleaks.
  • To assess the clinical significance and potential risks associated with Type II endoleaks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and Type II endoleaks.
  • Analysis of imaging surveillance techniques (e.g., CT angiography, ultrasound).
  • Evaluation of interventional and conservative management strategies for Type II endoleaks.

Main Results:

  • Type II endoleaks are the most common type, occurring in 10-25% of EVAR procedures.
  • While Type II endoleaks can potentially lead to aneurysm sac enlargement and rupture risk, many resolve spontaneously or remain clinically insignificant.
  • Effective imaging and tailored management are crucial for addressing Type II endoleaks.

Conclusions:

  • Management of Type II endoleaks requires careful consideration of individual patient factors and imaging findings.
  • Surveillance and timely intervention can mitigate the risks associated with Type II endoleaks.
  • Further research may clarify optimal long-term management strategies.