Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

51.8K
Overview
51.8K
Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

1.3K
Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
1.3K
Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

4.0K
Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
4.0K
Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

1.4K
The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
1.4K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

1.1K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.1K
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

8.2K
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reporting of antibiotic resistance in randomized controlled trials of new antibiotics: a systematic review.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

A review of the randomized clinical trial results from the Staphylococcus aureus network adaptive platform (SNAP) meticillin-susceptible (MSSA) and penicillin-susceptible (PSSA) domains and CloCeBa.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2026
Same author

Cefazolin for Methicillin-Susceptible <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Bacteremia.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

The ESCMID Framework for Reaching Consensus in Clinical Guidelines.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

The impact of colistin minimum inhibitory concentration on clinical failure and mortality: insights from the OVERCOME trial.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Fast Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Gram-Negative Bacteremia: The FAST Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

18.1K

Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.

Rachael Milligan1, Mical Paul, Marty Richardson

  • 1Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK, L3 5QA.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Typhoid vaccines like Ty21a and Vi polysaccharide are effective in preventing typhoid fever in children and adults. Newer conjugate vaccines show promise but require further evaluation for widespread use.

More Related Videos

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
17:50

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes

Published on: July 4, 2007

13.0K
In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency
09:04

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

13.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

18.1K
Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
17:50

Preventing the Spread of Malaria and Dengue Fever Using Genetically Modified Mosquitoes

Published on: July 4, 2007

13.0K
In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency
09:04

In Vitro ELISA Test to Evaluate Rabies Vaccine Potency

Published on: May 11, 2020

13.3K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are significant causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in Asian children and adolescents.
  • Available vaccines include oral Ty21a and parenteral Vi polysaccharide, with newer conjugate vaccines under development.
  • The WHO recommends the Vi tetanus toxoid (Vi-TT) conjugate vaccine, Typbar-TCV, for all age groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of vaccines for preventing typhoid fever.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on typhoid fever prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Embase up to February 2018.
  • Assessed vaccine efficacy and adverse events using GRADE methodology.

Main Results:

  • Ty21a (3 doses) showed moderate-certainty evidence of 50% efficacy over 3 years and probable increase in fever.
  • Vi polysaccharide (1 dose) demonstrated high-certainty evidence of 69% efficacy in year 1, with moderate-certainty evidence for 59% in year 2.
  • Vi-rEPA (2 doses) showed moderate-certainty evidence of 87-94% efficacy in children aged 2-5 years, with increased risk of fever and injection site swelling.
  • Efficacy of Vi-TT (PedaTyph) remains uncertain due to very low-certainty evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Licensed Ty21a and Vi polysaccharide vaccines are efficacious in endemic areas for individuals over two years old.
  • Vi-rEPA vaccine is similarly efficacious in children, but data is limited.
  • The Vi-TT vaccine requires further evaluation to confirm its protective effects against typhoid fever.