Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Menopause

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Types of Hormones

Types of Hormones

Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.

Types of Hormones

Types of Hormones

Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

Hormonal Regulation

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Evidence for actions of estrone distinct from those of estradiol.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026

Same author

Neuron-Enriched Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNAs Reflect Hormone-Sensitive Neural Pathway Changes from Early to Late Perimenopause.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Report of the FDA's expert panel on hormone therapy.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Obesity in menopause care.

European journal of endocrinology·2026

Same author

Menopausal Symptom Management in Patients After Risk-Reducing Oophorectomy.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2025

Same author

European society of endocrinology clinical practice guideline for evaluation and management of menopause and the perimenopause.

European journal of endocrinology·2025

Same journal

Obstetric Care for Patients With Cognitive Disabilities.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

Same journal

Dissecting the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) Requirements when Approaching Obstetric Patients With Disabilities: How to Ensure Your Spaces are Accessible for All.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

Same journal

Clinician Comfort and Barriers to the Obstetric and Gynecologic Care of Patients With Disabilities.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

Same journal

Obstetric Care for Patients With Visual Impairments: Preconception Counseling Through Postpartum Care.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

Same journal

Menstrual Management and Contraception for Patients With Disabilities.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

Same journal

Favoring Elective Hospitalization in Pregnancies With Vasa Previa.

Clinical obstetrics and gynecology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Tissue-selective Estrogen Complex for Menopausal Hormone Therapy.

Joann V Pinkerton¹

¹University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

|June 1, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The novel tissue-selective estrogen complex offers relief from menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and vaginal dryness, without the common side effects of traditional hormone therapy.

More Related Videos

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Pharmacology

Background:

Hormone therapy is used for menopausal symptom relief.
Traditional estrogen-progestin therapy can cause side effects like bleeding and breast tenderness.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the effects of the first approved tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC).
To highlight the advantages of combining conjugated estrogens with bazedoxifene.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data on TSEC (conjugated estrogen/bazedoxifene).

Main Results:

TSEC effectively relieves vasomotor and vaginal symptoms.
It prevents bone loss without significant adverse effects on the breast.
Cardiovascular effects are limited to an expected increase in venous thrombosis.

Conclusions:

TSEC provides a safer alternative for menopausal symptom management.
It offers tissue-specific benefits with a favorable side effect profile.