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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

30.4K
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation01:21

Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

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Affiliation motivation is the intrinsic desire to connect with others and belong to a social group, which plays a crucial role in forming and maintaining personal relationships. This type of motivation is essential for psychological well-being, as it provides individuals with a sense of community and support. An example of this is a student who joins a study group in order to feel a sense of connection. People with high affiliation motivation actively seek social approval, take satisfaction in...
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Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Bullying02:04

Bullying

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia
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Aggression and Agitation in Dementia.

M Uri Wolf, Yael Goldberg, Morris Freedman

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |June 1, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Managing aggression and agitation in dementia requires a comprehensive approach. Nonpharmacologic strategies should be prioritized, with pharmacologic options used judiciously for behavioral symptoms.

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Aggression and agitation are prevalent symptoms in dementia, significantly impacting patient quality of life and caregiver well-being.
    • These behavioral symptoms can lead to adverse outcomes and impose substantial financial burdens on individuals and healthcare systems.
    • Limited evidence exists for guiding treatment decisions, necessitating practical and evidence-based strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current treatment approaches for aggression and agitation in dementia.
    • To discuss both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions for responsive behaviors.
    • To provide practical strategies for managing common behavioral symptoms in dementia care.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments for dementia-related behavioral symptoms.

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  • Analysis of practical treatment strategies for aggression and agitation.
  • Integration of evidence-based guidelines with clinical experience.
  • Main Results:

    • Nonpharmacologic interventions should be the primary approach, emphasizing practical, commonsense strategies.
    • Caregiver and family involvement is crucial for successful behavioral plan implementation.
    • Minimizing contributing medical and nonmedical factors is essential.
    • Pharmacologic treatments should target specific behavioral goals, considering evidence and practicalities.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of aggression and agitation in dementia involves a multi-faceted approach.
    • Prioritizing nonpharmacologic methods and involving caregivers are key.
    • Pharmacologic interventions should be carefully selected and used when necessary to address specific behavioral targets.