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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophage imaging: past, present and future.

Gabriel Mf Almeida1, Miika Leppänen2, Ilari J Maasilta3

  • 1Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Research in Microbiology
|June 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Electron microscopy enabled visualization of viral particles, revolutionizing bacteriophage research. Advances in phage imaging have been crucial for classifying viruses and understanding their ecological roles.

Keywords:
BacteriophageImagingMicroscopyPhageStructureVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Bacteriophage (phage) visualization was not possible before the electron microscope.
  • The first bacteriophage images were published in 1940, initiating detailed studies on phage structure and host interactions.

Observation:

  • Improved sample preparation and new technologies enhanced phage imaging capabilities.
  • Phage imaging became essential for morphological classification and understanding viral importance in the biosphere.

Findings:

  • This review details key milestones in phage imaging.
  • It explores how these advancements have shaped our understanding of bacteriophages.
  • Recent developments in phage imaging technologies are also discussed.

Implications:

  • Phage imaging is critical for classifying viruses and understanding their ecological significance.
  • Continued technological development in imaging promises further insights into viral biology.
  • This field is vital for advancing virology and microbial ecology research.