Flow injection analysis: An approach via linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Physical Chemistry
• Chemical Thermodynamics

Background:

• Flow injection analysis (FIA) is a common technique in analytical chemistry.
• Understanding the thermodynamic principles governing FIA systems can lead to improved performance.
• Linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics (LNET) offers a framework for analyzing dynamic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose and validate a novel FIA approach based on LNET principles.
• To explore the applicability of Prigogine's dissipative structure theory to FIA.
• To utilize thermodynamic concepts for optimizing FIA and understanding steady states.

Main Methods:

• Application of linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics (LNET) principles to FIA.
• Analysis of internal entropy production rates, thermodynamic forces, and fluxes in flow systems.
• Investigation of short-term and long-term steady states in FIA.

Main Results:

• LNET principles were successfully applied to FIA.
• The extent of analytical reaction and entropy production rates were used for system optimization.
• A deeper understanding of steady states and their impact on measurement reproducibility was achieved.
• Theoretical principles were supported by practical applications, leading to a new basic FIA equation.

Conclusions:

• The novel LNET-based FIA approach provides a robust theoretical and practical framework.
• This method enhances the optimization and understanding of FIA systems.
• The study contributes to the fundamental theory of FIA by linking it with thermodynamic principles.