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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Advancing the Use of Tissue Chip Technology for Studying Human Tissues
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Skin Barrier and Calcium.

Sang Eun Lee1, Seung Hun Lee1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Annals of Dermatology
|June 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidermal calcium gradients, regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores, are vital for skin barrier function and keratinocyte differentiation. Understanding these calcium channels is key for treating inflammatory skin diseases.

Keywords:
BarrierCalciumEndoplasmic reticulumKeratinocytesOrai1Transient receptor potential channels

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Cell Biology
  • Skin barrier function and homeostasis
  • Calcium signaling in epidermal physiology

Background:

  • Epidermal barrier integrity is crucial for protection against environmental factors.
  • Impaired keratinocyte differentiation and skin barrier dysfunction are implicated in inflammatory skin diseases like atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) and their epidermal gradients regulate essential skin functions, including keratinocyte differentiation and barrier formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origin and role of epidermal calcium gradients in skin barrier formation and regulation.
  • To elucidate the importance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis in maintaining skin barrier functions.
  • To discuss the distribution and function of epidermal calcium channels in skin barrier physiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epidermal calcium gradients and skin barrier.
  • Analysis of studies on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium homeostasis in keratinocytes.
  • Examination of the roles of various calcium channels (TRP, Orai1, VGCCs) in epidermal barrier function.

Main Results:

  • Epidermal calcium gradients are primarily formed by intracellular Ca2+ stores, particularly the ER.
  • ER calcium homeostasis is critical for keratinocyte differentiation, intercellular junction formation, and both antimicrobial and permeability barrier functions.
  • Specific calcium channels, including transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Orai1, and voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), play significant roles in mediating calcium flux within keratinocytes and maintaining skin barrier.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium ions and their precise gradient regulation are fundamental to epidermal barrier homeostasis.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium regulation is a key determinant of keratinocyte differentiation and overall skin barrier integrity.
  • Targeting epidermal calcium channels presents a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory skin conditions characterized by barrier defects.