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Related Concept Videos

Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

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Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Time-lapse Live Imaging of Clonally Related Neural Progenitor Cells in the Developing Zebrafish Forebrain
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Homeostatic plasticity in neural development.

Nai-Wen Tien1,2, Daniel Kerschensteiner3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA. tien@wustl.edu.

Neural Development
|June 2, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural circuits maintain stable activity despite changing connections through homeostatic plasticity. This process balances neuronal excitability, synaptic strength, and network activity during development.

Keywords:
Excitation/inhibition ratioHomeostatic plasticityIntrinsic excitabilityNeural developmentPatterned spontaneous activitySynaptic strength

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neural circuits undergo significant structural and functional changes throughout life, particularly during development.
  • Neuronal development involves dynamic processes such as dendrite and axon extension/retraction and synapse formation/elimination.
  • Despite these dynamic changes, neural circuits maintain remarkably stable activity levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity.
  • To explain how these mechanisms stabilize activity in developing neural circuits.
  • To highlight the importance of homeostatic plasticity for functional stability.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing research on homeostatic plasticity.
  • It examines studies investigating intrinsic excitability, synaptic strength, and network balance.
  • The review coordinates findings on how these factors interact to maintain circuit stability.

Main Results:

  • Homeostatic plasticity employs multiple strategies to maintain circuit stability.
  • These strategies include balancing intrinsic neuronal excitability and synaptic strength.
  • They also involve coordinating network excitation and inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Homeostatic plasticity is crucial for stabilizing neural circuit activity during development.
  • It achieves stability by regulating intrinsic excitability, synaptic efficacy, and network dynamics.
  • Understanding these mechanisms provides insight into neural circuit function and development.