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Related Concept Videos

Increasing Function01:18

Increasing Function

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An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Increased pulse rate01:17

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Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Studying Interactions between Myeloid Cells and CAR T Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
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Increasing T Cell Versatility with SUPRA CARs.

Yvonne Y Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Cell
|June 2, 2018
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Researchers developed a split-chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell design. This innovation aims to improve the safety and effectiveness of CAR T-cell therapy for difficult-to-treat cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Oncology
  • Cellular Engineering

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for advanced cancers.
  • Current CAR T-cell therapies face limitations in safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel split-CAR design for engineering multi-feature CAR T-cells.
  • To address challenges in CAR T-cell therapy for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a split-CAR system.
  • Engineering of multi-feature CAR T-cells.

Main Results:

  • The split-CAR design enables enhanced engineering of CAR T-cells.
  • Potential to improve safety and efficacy of CAR T-cell cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The split-CAR design represents a significant advancement in CAR T-cell engineering.
  • This approach may overcome current limitations in cancer immunotherapy.