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Effective methods to reduce cadmium accumulation in rice grain
Hongping Chen1, Wenwen Zhang1, Xinping Yang1
1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Chemosphere
|June 2, 2018
Summary
Liming paddy soil with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and planting low cadmium (Cd) rice cultivars effectively reduces grain Cd accumulation. This strategy significantly lowers Cd levels below safety limits without impacting rice yield.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Agronomy
- Soil Science
Background:
- Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses a significant food safety risk, particularly in southern China.
- Rice grain Cd concentrations frequently surpass the Chinese regulatory limit of 0.2 mg/kg.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the combined effect of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) liming and low Cd rice cultivars on Cd accumulation in rice grains.
- To assess the efficacy of a liming model in predicting required lime application rates.
Main Methods:
- Field trials conducted over two years (2016-2017) involving CaCO3 application (2.25-7.5 t/ha).
- Monitoring of soil pH and CaCl2-extractable Cd in rhizospheric soil.
- Measurement of grain Cd concentration and yield in treated and control plots.
Main Results:
- A CaCO3 application of 7.5 t/ha increased soil pH to 6.5 and significantly reduced CaCl2-extractable Cd.
- Grain Cd concentration in control plots exceeded the limit by 2-5 times, while the 7.5 t/ha liming treatment reduced it by 70-80%.
- Grain Cd levels remained below the safety limit with 7.5 t/ha liming in both seasons; yield and grain arsenic levels were unaffected.
Conclusions:
- A single CaCO3 liming application to achieve a soil pH of 6.5, coupled with low Cd cultivars and optimized water management, is a highly effective strategy.
- This integrated approach significantly mitigates Cd accumulation in rice grains, addressing food safety concerns.
- Soil pH and Cd availability in rhizospheric soil are key factors influencing Cd uptake by rice.
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