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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

21.7K
According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the...
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Impulse Response01:17

Impulse Response

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The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
Kirchhoff's law forms an input signal equation, with the capacitor's current and voltage providing the output. Substituting the current and dividing by RC yields a differential equation. The output for an impulse input is the impulse...
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
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COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids01:26

COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary isease (COPD) involves a group of progressive lung disorders characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS), encompassing features of both asthma and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is a group of progressive lung disorders that includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and refractory (non-reversible) asthma. ACOS leads to complex clinical presentations that combine the inflammatory...
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Principle of Impulse and Moment01:15

Principle of Impulse and Moment

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When one considers a rigid body undergoing a plane motion, which is essentially a blend of translational and rotational movement, the application of Newton's second law gives the formula for the translational movement of such a body. If this equation is multiplied by a time interval, dt, and then integrated over the limits of integration, it results in an equation that embodies the principle of linear impulse.
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Impulse-Momentum Theorem00:49

Impulse-Momentum Theorem

19.4K
The total change in the motion of an object is proportional to the total force vector acting on it and the time over which it acts. This product is called impulse, a vector quantity with the same direction as the total force acting on the object.
By writing Newton's second law of motion in terms of the momentum of an object and the external force acting on it, and simultaneously using the definition of the impulse vector, it can be shown that the total impulse on an object is equal to its...
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Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
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What can we learn about COPD from impulse oscillometry?

Brian J Lipworth1, Sunny Jabbal1

  • 1Scottish Centre for Respiratory Research, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, DD19SY, UK.

Respiratory Medicine
|June 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Impulse oscillometry (IOS) can assess COPD severity by measuring peripheral airway resistance (R5-R20) and compliance (AX). These IOS parameters improve with bronchodilators, suggesting their utility in managing COPD.

Keywords:
COPDFOTIOSOscillometryReactanceResistance

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Diagnostic Techniques

Background:

  • Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a common forced oscillation technique, but its role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not fully understood.
  • Large airway resistance (R20) in COPD is not linked to disease severity or bronchodilator response, suggesting limited large airway involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical utility of Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) in assessing COPD severity and response to bronchodilators.
  • To evaluate the relationship between peripheral airway parameters measured by IOS and COPD severity and exacerbations.

Main Methods:

  • Impulse oscillometry (IOS) was used to measure respiratory resistance and reactance at various frequencies.
  • Key IOS parameters analyzed include resistance at 20 Hz (R20), frequency-dependent resistance (R5-R20), and area under the reactance curve (AX).
  • Correlation of IOS parameters with COPD severity, exacerbations, and response to bronchodilator/bronchoconstrictor challenges.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral airway resistance (R5-R20) and compliance (AX) are significantly related to COPD severity and exacerbations.
  • Both R5-R20 and AX show marked improvement following treatment with long-acting bronchodilators.
  • Area under the reactance curve (AX) demonstrates higher sensitivity to bronchoconstriction compared to R5-R20.

Conclusions:

  • IOS parameters, particularly R5-R20 and AX, are valuable indicators of peripheral airway status in COPD.
  • IOS measurements can effectively monitor disease progression and treatment response in COPD patients.
  • Future research should explore IOS combined with spirometry for enhanced exacerbation prediction and early disease screening.