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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Parallel word processing in the flanker paradigm has a rightward bias.

Joshua Snell¹, Jonathan Grainger²

¹Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive & CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. Joshua.Snell@hotmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

|June 3, 2018

Summary

The flanker paradigm, used in reading research, shows a rightward attention bias similar to natural reading. This supports its use for studying visuospatial attention in word processing.

Keywords:

Attention Orthography Reading

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Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

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Published on: June 29, 2021

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Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Published on: May 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience
Linguistics

Background:

Reading research increasingly uses flanker paradigms to study word processing.
Assessing cognitive processes in flanker tasks versus natural reading is crucial.
The flanker paradigm investigates parallel word processing, parafoveal-on-foveal influences, and visuospatial attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if attention distribution in the flanker paradigm mirrors natural reading's rightward bias.
To investigate parafoveal-on-foveal influences on word processing.
To assess the flanker paradigm's validity for studying visuospatial attention in reading.

Main Methods:

Participants performed lexical decisions on foveal target words.
Parafoveal flanking words were manipulated.
Two experiments compared flanker effects (right vs. left) with a no-flanker condition.

Main Results:

A parafoveal-on-foveal repetition effect was observed, stronger for rightward flankers.
Rightward repetition flankers facilitated target processing; leftward flankers interfered.
The repetition effect was significantly larger for rightward than leftward flankers.

Conclusions:

Attention in the flanker paradigm exhibits a rightward bias, analogous to natural reading.
The flanker paradigm effectively models visuospatial attention's role in reading.
Future research should account for asymmetrical attentional deployment in flanker studies.