The genomics of selenium: Its past, present and future

In the last two decades, genomic analyses have enriched the study of the biology of selenium in many ways. These include the identification of selenoproteins in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, the discovery of genetic variants that mediate humans and other vertebrates' adaptations to their selenium nutritional histories, and the association of specific genotypes with common and rare human selenium disorders. We briefly review these computational, evolutionary and association studies and their contribution to the genomics of selenium, selenocysteine and selenoproteins in the 200th anniversary of the discovery of this trace element.