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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Placeholder objects shape spatial attention effects before eye movements.

Michael Puntiroli^1,2, Dirk Kerzel¹, Sabine Born¹

¹Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Journal of Vision

|June 4, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visual objects are necessary for presaccadic enhancement, but not as attentional anchors. Instead, they create a masking effect that attention overcomes, improving perception at the saccade target.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Presaccadic enhancement increases perception at the saccade target, attributed to spatial attention shifts.
It is unclear if visual objects are required for this attentional enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if visual objects are critical for presaccadic perceptual enhancement.
To determine if attention requires an object to focus on for effectiveness.

Main Methods:

Four experiments used a dual-task design with eye movements to placeholder-marked or empty locations.
Participants discriminated probes at the saccade target or control locations.
The presence and timing of visual objects (placeholders) were manipulated.

Main Results:

A significant perceptual advantage at the saccade target occurred only when placeholders were present during probe presentation.
Absence of placeholders, or their presence only before probe presentation, reduced the saccade-target benefit.
Objects only around the target also diminished the benefit.

Conclusions:

Visual objects, or placeholders, appear necessary for presaccadic enhancement.
This necessity stems from a masking or crowding effect, not from providing an attentional focus.
Presaccadic attention overcomes masking, leading to heightened perception specifically at the saccade target object.