Differential Expression of Coding and Long Noncoding RNAs in Keratoconus-Affected Corneas

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genomics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Keratoconus (KC) is the most prevalent form of corneal ectasia.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying KC is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the differential expression of coding and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human corneas affected by KC.
• To identify potential molecular players and pathways involved in KC pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• RNA sequencing was performed on corneal tissues from KC patients and healthy controls.
• Differential expression analysis was conducted for coding RNAs and lncRNAs.
• Pathway and correlation analyses were employed to identify significant molecular interactions and functions.

Main Results:

• 436 coding RNAs and 584 lncRNAs showed differential expression in KC corneas.
• Enriched pathways included extracellular matrix, protein binding, and cell migration.
• 296 significant KC-specific correlations were identified, involving genes related to cell migration, cytokine response, and cell adhesion.

Conclusions:

• RNA sequencing identified numerous coding and noncoding RNAs potentially contributing to KC.
• Specific genes (e.g., CTGF, SFRP1) and pathways (e.g., TGF-β, WNT signaling) were highlighted as potentially important in KC.
• These findings provide a foundation for further research into KC molecular mechanisms.