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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Derivation of Thymic Lymphoma T-cell Lines from Atm-/- and p53-/- Mice
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Hyperfibrinogenemia is a poor prognostic factor in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Jun-Ying Niu1,2,3, Tian Tian1,2,3, Hua-Yuan Zhu1,2,3

  • 1Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.

Annals of Hematology
|June 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Hyperfibrinogenemia, a condition of high fibrinogen levels, is linked to poorer outcomes in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Combining this with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network-International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) improves prognostic accuracy for DLBCL.

Keywords:
DiffuseFibrinogenLarge B cellLymphomaPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Clinical Pathology

Background:

  • Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma globally.
  • Previous research suggests hyperfibrinogenemia may indicate a worse prognosis across various cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prognostic significance of hyperfibrinogenemia in patients diagnosed with DLBCL.
  • To assess whether hyperfibrinogenemia can serve as an independent predictor of patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 228 DLBCL patients diagnosed between May 2009 and February 2016.
  • Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were employed to identify prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated predictive accuracy; a novel prognostic index (NPI) was developed by integrating hyperfibrinogenemia with the NCCN-IPI.

Main Results:

  • Patients with high National Comprehensive Cancer Network-International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) scores and advanced stage disease were more prone to hyperfibrinogenemia.
  • Hyperfibrinogenemia was significantly associated with inferior PFS (P < 0.001) and OS (P < 0.001).
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed hyperfibrinogenemia as an independent predictor of poor outcomes (HR=1.90 for PFS, HR=2.65 for OS).
  • The integrated NPI demonstrated superior predictive capability for both PFS (P=0.0194) and OS (P=0.0034) compared to NCCN-IPI alone.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperfibrinogenemia is a significant independent prognostic factor for adverse outcomes in DLBCL.
  • The predictive accuracy of the NCCN-IPI for DLBCL prognosis can be substantially enhanced by incorporating hyperfibrinogenemia.
  • This study highlights the clinical utility of monitoring fibrinogen levels for risk stratification in DLBCL patients, particularly those with advanced disease or high NCCN-IPI scores.