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Observation of Roton Mode Population in a Dipolar Quantum Gas.

L Chomaz1, R M W van Bijnen2, D Petter1

  • 1Institut für Experimentalphysik,Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Nature Physics
|June 5, 2018
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Summary

Researchers observed the elusive roton mode in Bose-Einstein condensates of erbium atoms. This fundamental excitation, previously seen only in superfluid helium, was detected through specific momentum peaks after an interaction quench.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Rotons are elementary excitations with minimum energy at finite momentum, crucial for understanding superfluid 4He.
  • Microscopic origins of rotons in quantum liquids due to strong interactions are debated.
  • Roton modes were predicted in dipolar quantum gases via magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, but remained unobserved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and theoretically study the roton mode in a dipolar quantum gas.
  • To investigate the emergence and characteristics of roton modes in Bose-Einstein condensates of highly-magnetic atoms.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of momentum distribution in Bose-Einstein condensates of erbium atoms.
  • Theoretical analysis following an interaction quench.
  • Probing excitation spectrum dynamics and roton population growth.

Main Results:

  • Observation of the long-sought roton mode in magnetic erbium atom Bose-Einstein condensates.
  • Manifestation of the roton mode as symmetric peaks at finite momentum after an interaction quench.
  • Confirmation of predicted geometrical scaling of roton momentum with confinement length.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first experimental evidence of roton modes in dipolar quantum gases.
  • The findings advance the understanding of quantum excitations in weakly interacting systems.
  • This work is a significant step towards achieving supersolidity in dipolar quantum gases.