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The first detection of disulfur hydride (S2H) in the Horsehead Nebula confirms complex sulfur chemistry in space. Its low photodesorption yield suggests alternative formation pathways are crucial for interstellar sulfur species.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrochemistry
  • Interstellar Medium Chemistry
  • Sulfur Chemistry

Background:

  • The interstellar medium (ISM) contains various molecules, but the chemistry of sulfur-containing species is not fully understood.
  • Doubly sulfuretted species were previously undetected in the gas phase in nebulae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first detection of gas-phase disulfur hydride (S2H) in the Horsehead Nebula.
  • To investigate the formation and abundance of S2H and its implications for interstellar sulfur chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Astronomical observations of the Horsehead Nebula to detect S2H.
  • Laboratory ice irradiation experiments to measure photodesorption yields of H2S and S2H.

Main Results:

  • S2H was detected in the gas phase in the Horsehead Nebula with an abundance of ~5x10^-11.
  • H2S and S2H are efficiently formed on UV-irradiated icy grain mantles.
  • The photodesorption yield of S2H is very low (<1x10^-5), suggesting photo-desorption is not a primary release mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The detection of S2H challenges current models of sulfur chemistry in the ISM.
  • The low photodesorption yield of S2H implies that other mechanisms, such as chemical desorption or gas-phase reactions, are important for its abundance.
  • The presence of S2H may result from a combination of grain surface and gas-phase photochemical processes.