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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

488
Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions01:23

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions

611
Drug interactions are a critical aspect of pharmacology and can occur when two or more drugs compete for the same binding site. This competition can result in one drug displacing another, altering the effect of the displaced drug. Drug interactions are complex processes that rely heavily on how much of the displacer drug is present and how strongly it can bind to the same sites as the displaced drug.
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

ECM Protein Nanofibers and Nanostructures Engineered Using Surface-initiated Assembly
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Protein Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery.

Deepali Verma1, Neha Gulati1, Shreya Kaul1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.

Journal of Pharmaceutics
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Protein nanoparticles are revolutionizing nanomedicine due to their size, surface area, and biocompatibility. This review highlights their synthesis, characterization, and diverse applications in drug delivery, including granted patents.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Protein-based nanostructures are pivotal in nanomedicine.
  • Protein nanoparticles offer enhanced reactivity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
  • Surface modification possibilities enable tailored applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the synthesis and fabrication techniques of protein nanoparticles.
  • To discuss the characterization parameters essential for protein nanoparticle evaluation.
  • To explore the diverse applications of protein nanoparticles in drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis using proteins like albumin, gelatin, and soy protein.
  • Fabrication via emulsification, desolvation, complex coacervation, and electrospray.
  • Characterization including particle size, morphology, surface charge, and drug release.

Main Results:

  • Protein nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential for transforming material properties.
  • Various proteins and fabrication methods yield nanoparticles with tunable characteristics.
  • Extensive research highlights applications across different administration routes.

Conclusions:

  • Protein nanoparticles represent a versatile platform for advanced drug delivery systems.
  • Their inherent properties facilitate improved therapeutic efficacy and safety.
  • Ongoing research and granted patents underscore their clinical relevance.