Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.4K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.4K
Ready Mixed Concrete01:26

Ready Mixed Concrete

374
Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
374
Real Number System01:27

Real Number System

1.2K
The real number system includes all numbers used for counting, measuring, and comparing quantities. Natural numbers are the basic counting numbers: 1, 2, 3, and so on. Integers expand this set by including zero and negative whole numbers: ..., –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, .... Rational numbers are those that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers m/n, where n≠0. This includes fractions like 1/2​, integers such as 46, and decimals that terminate, such as 0.17, or...
1.2K
Real Number Operations01:27

Real Number Operations

339
The concept of real numbers includes all the values that can be represented on a continuous number line. The system began with basic counting values used for enumeration. It later expanded to include values that represent the absence of quantity and opposites of the counting values. When situations required expressing parts of a whole or dividing quantities evenly, values capable of representing such proportions were developed. When written using decimal notation, these values can end or repeat...
339
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

39.1K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
39.1K
Real Zeros of Polynomials01:27

Real Zeros of Polynomials

194
Polynomials are algebraic expressions of terms with variables raised to non-negative integer powers. A central aspect of analyzing polynomial functions is determining their real zeros—values of the variable for which the polynomial evaluates to zero. These values represent the x-intercepts of the polynomial’s graph.The Rational Zeros Theorem lists possible rational solutions for a polynomial equation with integer coefficients. If f(x)=anxn+....+a0​, then every rational zero is...
194

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biosimilars and interchangeable biosimilars: facts every prescriber, payor, and patient should know. Insulins perspective.

Expert opinion on biological therapy·2022
Same author

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors: A cardiovascular outcome trial analysis.

Perspectives in clinical research·2021
Same author

CARdiovascular Outcome study of LINAgliptin versus glimepiride in patients with T2D trial.

Perspectives in clinical research·2020
Same author

Is there a need for investigator-initiated research?

Perspectives in clinical research·2017
Same author

Sharing individual patient data from clinical trials.

Perspectives in clinical research·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Ready-To-Use qPCR for Detection of DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi or Other Pathogenic Organisms
05:50

Ready-To-Use qPCR for Detection of DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi or Other Pathogenic Organisms

Published on: January 20, 2022

1.9K

Real world evidence (RWE) - Are we (RWE) ready?

Viraj Ramesh Suvarna1

  • 1Boehringer Ingelheim India Private Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Perspectives in Clinical Research
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Real-world evidence complements randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but requires careful design to avoid misleading conclusions. RCTs are prioritized due to rigorous methodology, though real-world data aids comparative effectiveness and personalized medicine.

Keywords:
Individualizedlimitationspropensity score matchingrandomisedreal

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K
Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products
08:19

Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Ready-To-Use qPCR for Detection of DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi or Other Pathogenic Organisms
05:50

Ready-To-Use qPCR for Detection of DNA from Trypanosoma cruzi or Other Pathogenic Organisms

Published on: January 20, 2022

1.9K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

12.1K
Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products
08:19

Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products

Published on: January 31, 2025

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Health research methodology
  • Clinical epidemiology
  • Data science in healthcare

Background:

  • Real-world evidence (RWE) complements randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but has inherent limitations.
  • Both RWE and RCTs require careful design for valid interpretation and extrapolation.
  • Discordance between RWE and RCTs typically favors RCTs due to their rigorous methodology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of proper real-world study design.
  • To discuss the strengths and limitations of RWE compared to RCTs.
  • To explore the application of RWE in comparative effectiveness and personalized medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of study design principles for RWE.
  • Comparison of RWE methodologies (e.g., propensity score matching) with RCT standards.
  • Exploration of machine learning applications in electronic healthcare databases.

Main Results:

  • RCTs are considered the gold standard due to randomization, prospective, and double-blind designs.
  • Real-world studies, even prospective ones with matching, may not fully address confounding factors.
  • Machine learning enables identification of patient characteristics for optimal drug response.

Conclusions:

  • Rigorous design is crucial for generating reliable real-world evidence.
  • While RCTs hold a higher evidence hierarchy, RWE is valuable for specific research areas.
  • Advancements in data mining and machine learning enhance the utility of RWE for personalized medicine.