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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
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A responsive anionic wormlike micelle using pH-directed release of stored sodium based on polybasic acids.

Pengxiang Wang1, Wanli Kang, Shujie Tian

  • 1School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, P. R. China. yhb0810@126.com.

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PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel pH-responsive wormlike micelle system using sodium dodecyl trioxyethylene sulphate (SDES) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium (EDTA4-·4Na+). The system exhibits significant viscosity changes with pH shifts, offering new possibilities for responsive materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Responsive wormlike micelles are valuable but challenging to create in anionic surfactant systems.
  • Dramatic viscosity changes are difficult to achieve in anionic surfactant solutions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a differential pH-responsive wormlike micelle system.
  • To investigate the phase behavior, microstructure, and viscoelasticity of the new system.

Main Methods:

  • Mixing sodium dodecyl trioxyethylene sulphate (SDES) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium (EDTA4-·4Na+) at a 1:1 molar ratio.
  • Macroscopic observation, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and rheological measurements.
  • pH adjustment using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Main Results:

  • The SDES/EDTA4-·4Na+ solution transitions from a fluid to a viscoelastic state as pH decreases.
  • Viscosity rapidly increases to approximately 3100 mPa·s upon lowering pH from 12.01 to 3.27.
  • The system shows sensitive viscosity response to inorganic acids and tolerance to inorganic bases.

Conclusions:

  • A novel differential pH-responsive wormlike micelle system based on sulfonic surfactants was successfully developed.
  • The system demonstrates significant and controllable viscosity changes in response to pH variations.
  • This offers potential applications in areas requiring tunable viscoelastic properties.