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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:39

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Overview
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

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Chimeric antigen receptors that trigger phagocytosis.

Meghan A Morrissey1,2, Adam P Williamson1,2, Adriana M Steinbach1,2

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.

Elife
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Phagocytosis (CAR-Ps) to direct macrophages to engulf cancer cells. These CAR-Ps show promise for programmed immunity by enhancing cancer cell clearance in co-culture models.

Keywords:
Chimeric Antigen ReceptorFc Receptorcancer biologycell biologyhumanmacrophagesmousephagocytosisreceptorssignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cell Engineering

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have shown success in cancer treatment.
  • Applying CAR strategies to other immune cells, like macrophages, could expand programmed immunity approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Phagocytosis (CAR-Ps) that direct macrophages to engulf specific targets, including cancer cells.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of CAR-Ps in targeting and eliminating cancer cells.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered CAR-Ps with an extracellular antibody fragment and intracellular domains from Megf10 and FcRɣ.
  • Tested CAR-P specificity using antigen-coated synthetic particles and human cancer cells.
  • Assessed the impact of a PI3K recruitment domain on engulfment efficiency.
  • Evaluated CAR-P expressing murine macrophages in co-culture cancer cell reduction assays.

Main Results:

  • CAR-Ps successfully directed macrophages to engulf synthetic particles and human cancer cells.
  • Intracellular domains from Megf10 and FcRɣ robustly triggered phagocytosis.
  • A tandem PI3K recruitment domain enhanced cancer cell engulfment.
  • CAR-P expressing macrophages reduced cancer cell numbers by over 40% in co-culture.

Conclusions:

  • CAR-Ps are a viable strategy for programming macrophages to perform targeted phagocytosis.
  • CAR-Ps represent a promising advancement in engineered immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
  • Further development of CAR-P technology could lead to novel cancer therapies.