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Obesity as a surgical risk factor.

Motonari Ri1, Susumu Aikou1, Yasuyuki Seto1

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan.

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Obesity impacts surgical procedures, potentially increasing operative time and short-term risks for certain surgeries. Long-term outcomes may not be negatively affected, but careful perioperative evaluation is crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising global rates of overweight and obesity present significant health challenges.
  • Obesity is linked to increased incidence of gastroenterological cancers, impacting surgical caseloads.
  • Existing research on obesity's surgical impact often lacks organ-specific or procedure-specific detail.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of obesity on surgeries of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, and pancreas.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on how obesity influences operative time and patient outcomes in gastroenterological surgery.
  • To highlight the complexity of obesity's impact considering diverse outcomes, procedures, and patient demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Cross-sectional study design analysis.
  • Focus on individual organs and specific surgical procedures within gastroenterology.

Main Results:

  • Obesity generally prolongs operative time in gastroenterological procedures.
  • Short-term postoperative complications may be elevated in obese patients, varying by surgical procedure.
  • Long-term surgical outcomes in obese patients may not be consistently adverse.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity presents a complex challenge in gastroenterological surgery, influencing operative duration and short-term risks.
  • The impact of obesity is modulated by surgical type, outcome measures, and patient characteristics.
  • Comprehensive perioperative risk assessment, including obesity, is essential for optimal patient management.