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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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A successful patient outcome depends mainly on the evaluation stage of the nursing process. Evaluation determines effectiveness by reviewing what was done previously after the completion of nursing interventions. Every time a healthcare professional steps in or administers treatment, they must reassess or evaluate the action to ensure the intended result. During the evaluation phase, there are three probable patient outcomes:
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Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Evaluation of inflammatory processes by FTIR spectroscopy.

Laís Morandini Rodrigues1, Luís Felipe das Chagas E Silva Carvalho2,3, Franck Bonnier4

  • 1a Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis , Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP , São José dos Campos , Brazil.

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy differentiates oral normal mucosa from inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) by analyzing molecular changes. FTIR spectral differences reveal distinct biochemical compositions, aiding in IFH diagnosis.

Keywords:
FTIR spectroscopydiagnosisinflammatory processes

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Spectroscopy
  • Oral Pathology

Background:

  • Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzes molecular vibrations for disease identification.
  • Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) is an oral lesion requiring accurate diagnosis.
  • Histopathological examination is a standard diagnostic method for oral lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) lesions and normal oral mucosa (NM) using micro-FTIR spectroscopy.
  • To compare the biochemical composition of IFH and NM samples.
  • To assess FTIR spectroscopy's potential as a diagnostic tool for IFH.

Main Methods:

  • Micro-FTIR spectroscopy was employed to analyze eleven IFH and eleven NM samples.
  • Samples were analyzed at five different points to ensure comprehensive area coverage.
  • Spectral data were collected in the 970–1743 cm⁻¹ range, corresponding to various biomolecules.

Main Results:

  • FTIR spectra revealed distinct biochemical compositions between IFH lesions and NM.
  • Increased intensity of collagen bands was observed in IFH samples.
  • Spectral differences indicated variations in lipids, fatty acids, proteins, and amino acids.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-FTIR spectroscopy effectively differentiates IFH from normal oral mucosa based on biochemical profiles.
  • FTIR spectral analysis shows promise as a non-invasive diagnostic technique for oral lesions.
  • The study highlights the utility of FTIR in identifying molecular changes associated with IFH.