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[A case of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in an infant]

A S Shishov1, O E Ivanova2, A K Shakaryan1

  • 1Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|June 5, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) occurred in a 15-month-old child after receiving an oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). This case highlights potential immunization defects and unique clinical features of VAPP.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Poliomyelitis remains a significant public health concern, with vaccine-derived poliovirus posing a risk.
  • The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has been instrumental in polio eradication but can rarely lead to vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP).

Observation:

  • A 15-month-old child received a bivalent (types 1 & 3) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) dose.
  • The child subsequently developed clinical manifestations consistent with paralytic poliomyelitis.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with sudden onset paresis, rapid progression (2-4 days), and persistent residual effects.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed characteristic protein-cell dissociation.
  • Clinical features of VAPP were compared to those caused by wild poliovirus.

Implications:

  • The occurrence of VAPP underscores the importance of robust immunization programs and surveillance.
  • Understanding VAPP clinical parameters is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • This case highlights the need to address immunization gaps to prevent VAPP.
Abstract

Keywords:
cerebrospinal fluidclinical picturevaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitisvirological examination

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