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Current Density01:21

Current Density

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Strain-Energy Density01:20

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Understanding the strain energy density in materials under axial load is crucial for evaluating their mechanical behavior and durability. When a rod is subjected to such a load, it elongates and stores energy, known as strain energy, as potential energy within the material. This energy is measured in terms of energy per unit volume.
In the elastic region of a material, the relationship between the stress and the strain is linear and follows Hooke's Law. The strain energy density in this region...
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Boundary Conditions for Current Density01:25

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

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Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.
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Density00:56

Density

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Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
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Power and Energy01:12

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The power and energy delivered to an element are subjects of great significance in the field of electrical engineering. It is a well-known fact that a 100-watt light bulb emits more light than a 60-watt one. Therefore, power and energy calculations play a crucial role in the analysis of electrical circuits.
Power, defined as the time rate of expending or absorbing energy, is quantified in units called watts (W). The relation between power and energy is mathematically given as
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Bulk Density of Aggregate01:22

Bulk Density of Aggregate

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Bulk density refers to the mass of aggregate particles that would fill a unit volume. The concept of bulk density originates from the inability to pack aggregate particles in a manner that completely eliminates void spaces. Hence, the term bulk refers to the volume that encompasses both the aggregates and the voids. This measurement is crucial when aggregates are batched by volume and is used to convert quantities by mass to volume.
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Close-Space Sublimation-Deposited Ultra-Thin CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells for Enhanced Short-Circuit Current Density and Photoluminescence
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Modifying Current Collectors to Produce High Volumetric Energy Density and Power Density Storage Devices.

Hadi Khani1, Timothy J Dowell2, David O Wipf2

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed modified current collectors for high-performance battery-type supercapacitors. These electrodes offer superior energy and power density, comparable to lithium-ion batteries, with excellent stability.

Keywords:
batteryexfoliated carbon fibernickel oxidepolypyrrolesupercapacitorvolumetric energy densityzirconium

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Developing advanced energy storage devices with high volumetric energy and power density is crucial.
  • Current supercapacitors and batteries face limitations in energy density and charge/discharge rates.
  • Modification of current collectors offers a novel approach to enhance device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop modified current collectors (CCs) for asymmetric battery-type supercapacitor devices.
  • To achieve high volumetric energy and power density by integrating active materials directly onto CCs.
  • To demonstrate the effectiveness of these modified CCs in enhancing supercapacitor performance and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Nickel foam (NF) CCs were modified using a soft-templating/solvothermal method to create NiO/NiOOH nanosheets.
  • Carbon fiber cloth (CFC) CCs were modified electrochemically, followed by electropolymerization of pyrrole to form PPy@rECFC.
  • Asymmetric battery-type supercapacitor devices were assembled using NiO/NiOOH@NF as the positive electrode and PPy@rECFC as the negative electrode.

Main Results:

  • The modified CCs acted as both current collectors and active electrode materials, eliminating the need for binders and conductive additives.
  • The full-cell device achieved volumetric energy densities of 2.60-4.12 mWh cm⁻³ and power densities of 9.17-425.58 mW cm⁻³.
  • The device exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining 96% capacity after 2000 cycles and 88% after 5000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Directly modifying current collectors is an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance energy storage devices.
  • The developed NiO/NiOOH@NF and PPy@rECFC electrodes offer a promising pathway for next-generation battery-type supercapacitors.
  • This approach enables the production of devices with high volumetric energy and power density, suitable for various applications.