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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Photolabile Linkers for Solid-Phase Synthesis.

Remi J T Mikkelsen1, Katja E Grier1, Kim T Mortensen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Denmark , DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby , Denmark.

ACS Combinatorial Science
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Photolabile linkers enable molecule release via light irradiation, offering mild and environmentally friendly conditions for synthesis and biological screening. This review details various photolabile linker types used in solid-phase synthesis.

Keywords:
chemical biologycombinatorial chemistryphotolabile linkersolid-phase synthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Photochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photolabile linkers are crucial for controlled molecule release.
  • Irradiation offers a mild, reagent-free cleavage method.
  • This is advantageous for sensitive applications like biological screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of photolabile linkers for solid-phase synthesis.
  • To categorize and discuss various classes of photolabile linkers.
  • To highlight their utility in greener chemistry and biological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of photolabile linker research.
  • Categorization of linkers based on chemical structure.
  • Discussion of their photochemical properties and applications.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of nine distinct classes of photolabile linkers.
  • Emphasis on o-nitrobenzyl and related derivatives.
  • Highlighting the versatility and growing number of photolabile linker designs.

Conclusions:

  • Photolabile linkers are a rapidly advancing field.
  • They offer significant advantages for synthesis and downstream applications.
  • Continued research promises novel linker designs for diverse chemical challenges.