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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Life01:23

Characteristics of Life

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Biology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the...
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Levels of Organization01:09

Levels of Organization

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Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:
The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules...
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Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

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Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
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Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

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Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
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Taxonomy01:31

Taxonomy

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Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories with Latin names. The smallest units of taxonomy, species and genus, are used to assign a formal, taxonomic name to each species in a system. This classification system, referred to as binomial nomenclature, was formalized by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.
Hierarchy of Taxonomy
The hierarchy that Carolus Linnaeus first...
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Reply to M. Mo et al

Thomas Aparicio1, Francois Ghiringhelli1, Valerie Boige1

  • 1Thomas Aparicio, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Francois Ghiringhelli, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Valerie Boige, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Karine Le Malicot, Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Dijon, France; Julien Taieb, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris Descartes University, and Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; and Jaafar Bennouna, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes, Nantes, France.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

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