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Related Concept Videos

Range00:59

Range

14.3K
The range is one of the measures of variation. It can be defined as the difference between a dataset's highest and lowest values. For example, in the study of seven 16-ounce soda cans, the filled volume of soda was measured, thus producing the following amount (in ounces) of soda:
15.9; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5
Measurements of the amount of soda in a 16-ounce can vary since different subjects record these measurements or since the exact amount - 16 ounces of liquid, was not...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
823
Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation01:13

Range Rule of Thumb to Interpret Standard Deviation

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The range rule of thumb in statistics helps us calculate a dataset's minimum and maximum values with known standard deviation. This rule is based on the concept that 95% of all values in a dataset lie within two standard deviations from the mean.
For instance, the range rule of thumb can be used to find the tallest and the shortest student in a class, given the mean student height and standard deviation. If the mean student height is 1.6 m and the standard deviation, s is 0.05 m, the height...
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Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range01:13

Circular Shaft - Stresses in Linear Range

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Consider a scenario where a circular shaft is subject to torque that remains within the boundaries of Hooke's Law, avoiding any permanent deformation. So, the formula for shearing strain is revisited. This formula is multiplied by the modulus of rigidity, and then Hooke's Law for the shearing stress and strain is applied. As a result, the equation for shearing stress in a shaft can be derived.
742

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Method for the Assessment of Effects of a Range of Wavelengths and Intensities of Red/near-infrared Light Therapy on Oxidative Stress In Vitro
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Mid-range probing-towards range-guided particle therapy.

Mingli Chen1, Yuncheng Zhong1, Yiping Shao1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, United States of America.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel range-probing technique using mid-range treatment spots for real-time particle therapy range verification. This method enhances treatment safety by accurately measuring and correcting range shifts before delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Particle therapy offers precise dose delivery but faces challenges with range uncertainty.
  • Online in vivo range verification is crucial for ensuring treatment safety and quality in particle therapy.
  • Current methods lack efficient real-time range monitoring during treatment delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel online in vivo range-probing technique for pencil beam scanning particle therapy.
  • To enable accurate measurement of range shifts using mid-range treatment spots and in-beam Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
  • To develop and assess online range-compensated plan modification strategies for adaptive particle therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A new range-probing technique utilizing mid-range treatment spots as probes before main treatment delivery.
  • In-beam Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for acquiring and reconstructing probing spot signals.
  • Comparison of reconstructed spot positions with planned positions to quantify range shifts.
  • Development of two online range-compensated plan modification methods (adaptation and optimization).
  • Feasibility study using simulated particle treatment plans with simulated online anatomical changes.

Main Results:

  • The proposed range-probing technique effectively measured range shifts in simulated scenarios.
  • Mid-range probing ensures Bragg peaks remain within the tumor, even with significant range variations.
  • Therapeutic dose probing beams provide higher positron activity and range detectability compared to low-dose imaging beams.
  • Online range-compensated methods successfully adapted treatment plans to match delivered dose with planned dose, accounting for anatomical changes.
  • The strategy demonstrated the potential to handle range shifts and maintain dose accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The novel range-probing technique offers a promising solution for online in vivo range verification in particle therapy.
  • This approach enhances treatment safety and quality assurance by enabling real-time range monitoring and correction.
  • The developed range-compensated strategies facilitate adaptive particle therapy, ensuring accurate dose delivery.
  • Further development with dedicated in-beam PET scanners and clinical studies are expected to establish a range-guided particle therapy paradigm.