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Early brain responses to affective faces: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study.

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This study reveals that the brain prioritizes emotional facial expressions very early, around 76-128 milliseconds. This rapid emotional processing involves the amygdala and early visual areas, regardless of attention load.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The precise timing and neural locations for distinguishing emotional from neutral facial expressions remain unclear.
  • Understanding early face processing is crucial for comprehending social cognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics ('when') and neural correlates ('where') of prioritizing emotional over neutral facial expressions.
  • To examine how attentional load influences the early processing of emotional faces.

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were employed.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) and blood oxygen dependent (BOLD) signals were measured during a face perception task with varying attentional loads.
  • Facial expressions of different emotional intensities and valences were presented.

Main Results:

  • Earliest effects of emotional expression were observed in the P1 event-related potential (76-128 ms), correlating with stimulus arousal and independent of attentional load.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed arousal-dependent modulations in the amygdala, superior temporal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, and lateral occipital cortex, irrespective of load.
  • EEG-informed fMRI analysis revealed a positive correlation between P1 amplitudes and amygdala/lateral posterior occipital cortex BOLD responses.

Conclusions:

  • The amygdala acts as a rapid relevance detector for emotional stimuli.
  • Early visual processing areas are involved in the rapid differentiation of emotional facial expressions.
  • Emotional face processing shows early prioritization, even under conditions of divided attention.