Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
06:27

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

Published on: October 26, 2019

8.1K

The first morphologic and functional characterization of hemocytes in Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis

Jun Li1, Yuehuan Zhang1, Fan Mao1

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, PR China.

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|June 5, 2018
PubMed

Hemocytes are the first line of defence of the innate immune system of molluscs. For the first time hemocytes of Crassostrea hongkongensis were morphologically and functionally characterized, identifying circulating cell types and studying their involvement in immune responses. In the present study, two main populations, hyalinocytes and granulocytes, were characterized based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules, using light and electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry analyses. Granulocytes are 7-13 μm in diameter and present evident cytoplasmic granules, and hyalinocytes, 6-15 μm in diameter, with a few or no granules. The mean number of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph was 2.52 × 106 cells/mL. Flow cytometry indicated that both granulocytes and hyalinocytes showed cell phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, phagocytosis and spontaneous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in granulocytes are much more active compared with hyalinocytes, which demonstrated that the granulocytes are the main hemocytes involved in the immune response of Hong Kong oyster. Moreover, the cell-free hemolymph showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus. Our results provide the basic information of hemocytes population of Hong Kong oyster for further investigations associated with innate immunity.

Keywords:
Antibacterial activityCrassostrea hongkongensisHemocytesPhagocytosisROS

More Related Videos

Methods to Examine the Lymph Gland and Hemocytes in Drosophila Larvae11:49

Methods to Examine the Lymph Gland and Hemocytes in Drosophila Larvae

Published on: November 28, 2016

13.4K
A Converging Strategy for the Generation of a Virtually Sequenced cDNA Library from Unreferenced Pacific Oysters12:14

A Converging Strategy for the Generation of a Virtually Sequenced cDNA Library from Unreferenced Pacific Oysters

Published on: June 13, 2019

5.9K

Related Concept Videos

Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
3.8K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
89.1K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

24.5K
Functionalism01:11

Functionalism

William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce were instrumental in founding functional psychology, which draws heavily from Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory suggests that individual traits, including behaviors, are adapted to their environments through natural selection. At the heart of functionalism is the concept of adaptation, meaning that a trait enhances an individual's chances of survival and reproduction.
James envisioned psychology's...
2.7K
Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

Mechanical Protein Functions

Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
5.7K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
30.0K