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Neural practice effect during cross-modal selective attention: Supra-modal and modality-specific effects.

Jing Xia1, Wei Zhang2, Yizhou Jiang1

  • 1Center for Studies of Psychological Application and School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
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Summary

Practice enhances visual attention more than auditory attention, with brain changes supporting visual dominance. This study investigated how practice affects cross-modal selective attention and neural mechanisms.

Keywords:
Cross-modal selective attentionHybrid fMRI designPractice effectSensory systems

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The brain shapes itself through practice, influencing neural networks.
  • In multisensory environments, visual information often dominates processing (visual dominance).
  • The effects of practice on cross-modal selective attention and its relation to visual dominance are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate supra-modal and modality-specific practice effects in cross-modal selective attention.
  • To determine if practice effects align with visual dominance in multisensory environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cross-modal selective attention paradigm.
  • Employed a hybrid functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) design.
  • Analyzed behavioral performance and neural activity changes with practice.

Main Results:

  • Behaviorally, visual performance improved with practice, while auditory performance remained stable.
  • Neural practice effects involved decreased frontoparietal executive network activity and increased default mode network activity (supra-modal).
  • Functional decoupling between auditory and visual systems varied by attended modality, supporting visual dominance.

Conclusions:

  • Practice differentially enhances visual attention compared to auditory attention.
  • Supra-modal neural mechanisms underlie general practice effects in attention.
  • Modality-specific neural changes, particularly functional decoupling, support the visual dominance model in cross-modal selective attention practice effects.