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Related Concept Videos

Isotopes01:12

Isotopes

64.9K
Elements have a set number of protons that determines their atomic number (Z). For example, all atoms with eight protons are oxygen; however, the number of neutrons can vary for atoms of the same element. The sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. Elements can have multiple isotopes, for example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14.
An element's atomic mass, or weight,...
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Multiple Voltage Sources01:25

Multiple Voltage Sources

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Generally, a single battery is not enough to power some devices. In such cases, batteries can be combined in two ways: in series or in parallel.
In series, the positive terminal of one battery is connected to the negative terminal of another battery. Hence, the voltage of each battery is added to give the net voltage, which is increased because each battery boosts the electrons that enter it. The same current flows through each battery because they are connected in series.
Batteries are...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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Isotopes and Radioisotopes01:28

Isotopes and Radioisotopes

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In the early 1900s, English chemist Frederick Soddy realized that an element could have atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called isotopes — atoms of the same element that differ in mass. Isotopes differ in mass because they have different numbers of neutrons but are chemically identical because they have the same number of protons. Soddy was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for this discovery.
An isotope containing...
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Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Interrogating pollution sources in a mangrove food web using multiple stable isotopes.

Iara da C Souza1, Hiulana P Arrivabene2, Carol-Ann Craig3

  • 1Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, PO box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

The Science of the Total Environment
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study used stable isotopes to trace pollution in mangrove food webs. Sewage impacted one estuary, while metallurgical activities affected another, demonstrating isotopic analysis

Keywords:
Food webMetallurgic pollutionNeotropical mangrovesTrophic chain

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Isotope Geochemistry

Background:

  • Coastal mangrove ecosystems face significant challenges from anthropogenic activities, particularly metal contamination.
  • Linking specific pollution sources to distinct trophic levels within these complex food webs remains a scientific challenge.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for effective conservation and management of vital estuarine environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate anthropogenic impacts on two contrasting mangrove food webs using stable isotope analysis.
  • To differentiate pollution sources, such as sewage and industrial emissions, affecting mangrove ecosystems.
  • To demonstrate the utility of isotopic analysis in tracing pollution pathways and affected species.

Main Methods:

  • Stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of various food web components including sediments, mangrove trees, plankton, invertebrates, and fish.
  • Radiogenic isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/207Pb) of water, atmospheric particulate matter (PM), and biological samples.
  • Comparison of isotopic signatures between a highly impacted estuary (Vitória Bay) and a less impacted one.

Main Results:

  • Stable isotopes (δ15N) revealed distinct trophic levels, with fish at the apex and sewage influencing nutrient cycling in Vitória Bay.
  • Strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) confirmed the dominant influence of marine water across the food web.
  • Lead isotopes (Pb) indicated that atmospheric particulate matter was primarily linked to metallurgical activities, with secondary impacts on mangrove plants and crabs near smelting works.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of sewage pollution's impact on the isotopic fingerprint of urban estuarine-mangrove systems.
  • Lead isotope analysis effectively traced atmospheric pollution from industrial metallurgical activities to specific environmental compartments and species.
  • Isotopic analysis is a powerful tool for identifying pollution sources and understanding their effects on mangrove food web dynamics.