Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

84.1K
Overview
84.1K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

84.2K
Overview
84.2K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

9.0K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
9.0K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.1K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.1K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

9.4K
The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
9.4K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.6K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antibiotic-induced Malassezia expansion in the infant gut promotes early-life immune dysregulation and airway inflammation in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Adenophages are an atypical macrophage population in exocrine glands sustained by ILC2-derived GM-CSF.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

Intestinal low-abundant bacteria drive MyD88/Trif-dependent CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell exhaustion in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Role of Acid-Sensing Ion Channels 1a in the Regulation of Obesity and the Gut Microbiota.

Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·2025
Same author

Born to be wild: Wildings stay the course.

Immunity·2025
Same author

Bifidobacteria-derived exopolysaccharide promotes anti-tumor immunity.

Cell reports·2025
Same journal

A blind spot of human T cell immunology: epitope specificity in secondary lymphoid organs.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Germinal center responses at barrier organ sites.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Ocular sarcoidosis: from clinical signs to targeted interventions.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

On or within: spatial determinants of antigen handling in the nasal turbinates.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Decoding the complexity of intestinal immunity with spatial transcriptomics.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
Same journal

Reconsidering the immunological aspects of solid-phase assays for antiphospholipid antibodies detection.

Current opinion in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut
10:05

Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut

Published on: May 24, 2011

16.9K

Microbiota and Type 2 immune responses.

Kathy D McCoy1, Aline Ignacio2, Markus B Geuking3

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|June 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial colonization educates the immune system, influencing Type 2 immune responses. Early life microbial exposures are crucial for preventing allergies and promoting immune tolerance.

More Related Videos

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
07:32

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation

Published on: May 26, 2023

5.6K
Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut
10:05

Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut

Published on: May 24, 2011

16.9K
Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
07:32

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation

Published on: May 26, 2023

5.6K
Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila
12:16

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

Published on: December 4, 2012

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Allergy Research

Background:

  • Microbes are essential for immune system development and regulation.
  • Type 2 immune responses protect against parasites but are implicated in allergies.
  • Microbial signals continuously shape immune tone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microbes in modulating Type 2 immune responses.
  • To understand the impact of early-life microbial colonization on immune tolerance and allergy development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microbial colonization effects on immune cells (dendritic cells, regulatory T cells) and cytokines.
  • Examination of the critical early-life window for immune development and tolerance induction.

Main Results:

  • Microbes modulate Type 2 immune responses via cytokines, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells.
  • Early-life microbial colonization is critical for inducing tolerance and regulating aberrant Type 2 immunity.
  • Alterations in early-life microbial composition are linked to later-life allergies.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial colonization plays a vital role in educating the immune system and preventing allergies.
  • Targeting early-life microbial exposures may offer strategies for allergy prevention and immune regulation.