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Vitamin D in melanoma: Controversies and potential role in combination with immune check-point inhibitors
Luigia Stefania Stucci1, Stella D'Oronzo1, Marco Tucci1
1Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Italy.
Abstract:
The role of vitamin D in melanoma is still controversial. Although several Authors described a correlation between vitamin D deficiency and poor survival in metastatic melanoma patients, clinical trials exploring the effects of vitamin D supplementation in this clinical setting were mostly inconclusive. However, recent evidence suggests that vitamin D exerts both anti-proliferative effects on tumor cells and immune-modulating activities, that have been widely explored in auto-immune disorders. On the one hand, vitamin D has been shown to inhibit T-helper17 lymphocytes, notoriously involved in the pathogenesis of immune-related adverse events (iAEs) which complicate immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. On the other hand, vitamin D up-regulates PDL-1 expression on both epithelial and immune cells, suggesting a synergic effect in combination with ICIs, for which further investigation is needed.
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