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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
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Platinum Nanoparticles Decrease Reactive Oxygen Species and Modulate Gene Expression without Alteration of Immune

Francesca Gatto1, Mauro Moglianetti2,3, Pier Paolo Pompa4,5

  • 1Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy. francesca.gatto@iit.it.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are non-toxic and effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) within monocytes. These PtNPs show good immune compatibility, suggesting their potential use in nanomedicine applications.

Keywords:
chemokine receptorscytokinesinflammationmonocytesplatinum nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Immunology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) exhibit catalytic properties and cytocompatibility.
  • Understanding PtNP effects on the human immune system, particularly monocytes, is crucial for nanomedicine applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the internalization of citrate-coated PtNPs into THP-1 monocytes.
  • To assess the consequences of PtNP internalization on monocyte immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated PtNP internalization in THP-1 monocytes.
  • Assessed cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Analyzed immune receptor expression (CD14, CD11b, CCR2, CCR5) and cytokine/chemokine profiles.
  • Examined gene transcription modulation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine responses.

Main Results:

  • PtNPs were internalized into THP-1 monocytes without affecting cell viability.
  • Intracellular PtNPs efficiently reduced ROS levels.
  • Expression of key immune receptors and LPS-induced cytokine production remained unaffected.
  • PtNP treatment modulated the transcription of 60 genes, including those involved in LPS signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Citrate-coated PtNPs are non-toxic and possess effective intracellular ROS scavenging activity.
  • PtNPs demonstrate good immune compatibility with monocytes.
  • These findings support the feasibility of using PtNPs as synthetic enzymes in nanomedicine.