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Turkey embryo staging from cleavage through hypoblast formation
1Germplasm & Gamete Physiology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
Journal of Morphology
|June 6, 2018
Summary
Turkey embryo development, from cleavage to hypoblast formation, differs significantly from chicken embryo development, necessitating a distinct staging procedure for turkeys. Key differences include asynchronous cleavage and the unique "area alba."
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Embryology
- Comparative Embryology
Background:
- Established chicken embryo staging procedures are widely used.
- Early developmental events in avian embryos can exhibit species-specific variations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the applicability of chicken embryo staging to turkey embryos.
- To document and characterize early developmental stages of the turkey embryo.
- To establish a basis for a dedicated turkey embryo staging system.
Main Methods:
- Observation of turkey embryo development from first cleavage to hypoblast formation.
- Comparison of developmental timing and morphological events with known chicken embryo development.
- Microscopic examination of key structures like the area pellucida and hypoblast.
Main Results:
- Turkey embryo development exhibits asynchronous cleavage and asymmetrical segmentation.
- Turkey embryos at oviposition are at Stage VII, unlike chicken embryos at Stage X.
- Hypoblast formation begins early in turkey embryos, establishing bilateral symmetry.
- A unique opaque region, the "area alba," is observed in the turkey embryo's area pellucida.
- Turkey embryo development through hypoblast formation (11 stages) is slower than in chickens.
Conclusions:
- A separate staging procedure is required for turkey embryo development due to significant temporal and spatial differences from chickens.
- The organization and origin of the area pellucida and hypoblast in turkey embryos differ from those in chicken embryos.
- The unique "area alba" is a distinguishing feature of early turkey embryogenesis.
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