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Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

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The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Primary Production01:06

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Primary Distribution01:28

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
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Primary Mammary Small Cell Carcinoma.

Saima Madiha Shabbir1, Syed Mohsin Raza1, Sohail Murad Bhatti1

  • 1Department of Oncology, Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Gujranwala.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|June 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Primary small cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare and aggressive cancer. This case highlights the challenges in managing this neuroendocrine breast cancer subtype, emphasizing the need for further research into effective treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Neuroendocrine breast cancer, including primary small cell carcinoma, is a rare and aggressive subtype.
  • Distinguishing primary breast tumors from metastatic disease to the breast is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

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